Humanities Studios: Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy

The emergence of the theories of civilizations and modern forms of civilizational consciousness is based on the long-term development of the Western European philosophical and historical thought, which has linked in a special way to the idea of reason, human nature, natural law, and society. This paper is focused on the study of the European civilizational theories of the 18th – 19th centuries. During the research, the authors have used the comparative-historical method, the methodology of philosophical hermeneutics, as well as the integrative anthropological approach

civilization, culture, Voltaire, F. Guizot, J.G Herder, H. Rückert